地壳中矿床分布极不均匀,这与地球的形成与演化密切相关。地球演化的早期,在引力收缩和热力膨胀的统一作用下,放射性、卤族、稀有、稀土元素及碱金属等轻质元素向上迁移,而铁族、铂族、有色金属、贵金属等比重较大的元素则逐渐沉向地核,以至于铁、镍、金、银等元素主要聚集在地核之中。但是,在地球形成圈层结构的同时,由于地球内、外温度差、压力差、粘度差的存在,导致地球发生以地幔热柱多级演化为主要形式的垂向物质运动,两者互为依存,并构成幔壳运动的原动力。地幔热柱多级演化沟通了深部矿质的迁移通道,聚集在地核及核幔界面上的金、银等元素呈气态随地幔热柱热物质流,以反重力运移至岩石圈,并以气-液混合态向近地表迁移,在有利的构造扩容带中聚集成矿。这可能是金银铅锌铜等多种元素的重要成矿 Distribution of deposits in the crust is extremely uneven, which is closely related to the formation and evolution of the earth. In the early stage of the earth’s evolution, the light elements such as radioactive, halogen, rare earth, rare earth elements and alkali metals migrated upwards under the unified action of gravity contraction and thermal expansion, while the proportion of iron, platinum, nonferrous metals and precious metals was relatively large Of the elements are gradually sinking to the core, so that iron, nickel, gold, silver and other elements are mainly concentrated in the core. However, at the same time as the Earth’s formation of a ring structure, due to the existence of internal and external temperature differences, pressure differences and viscosity differences within the Earth, the earth has experienced multi-level evolution of mantle plumes as the main form of vertical mass movement. Dependence, and constitute the motivation of the mantle movement. The multi-level evolution of the mantle plume communicates with the migration channels of deep minerals. The gold, silver and other elements gathered at the core and the mantle and mantle interface are in a gaseous state with the hot material flow of the mantle plume, migrating to the lithosphere by gravity, Gas-liquid mixed state to the near surface migration, in the favorable tectonic expansion zone in the accumulation of mineralization. This may be an important mineralization of gold, silver, lead, zinc, copper and other elements