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本文搜集和整理了我国南方地区的第三纪煤田地质资料,利用沿几条主要断裂线的河流作地貌及含煤地层的联合投影,结合聚煤过程前和聚煤过程中的构造、沉积——古地理和植物状况对煤田展布的规律性作了探讨。认为:(1)我国南方第三纪煤田集中分布于三江褶断带及扬子断块西南部位,含煤地层由老到新沿古断裂渐次发育的侵蚀面不断向北西方向扩展;(2)在区域范围内,时代相同的含煤地层都有水平分布高度的近似性,由两广向藏北含煤地层为奠基于燕山运动前的山地侵蚀—→沉积模式,藏南则属喜山运动影响急剧地区,其沉积模式显然不同;(3)通过植物孢粉组合特征与现今植被对比,论述了藏北——云南高原面上新世含煤地层的沉积高度,藏北高原面在上新世以后有较大幅度的抬升,云南高原面则处于相对稳定状态;(4)论述了山间带内构造、侵蚀作用与聚煤作用之间的相互关系,指出了不同地区的不同构造运动对含煤沉积的影响;(5)指出了岩溶发育区与含煤地层展布规律。
In this paper, the geological data of the Tertiary coalfields in southern China are collected and collated. By using the combined projection of topography and coal-bearing strata along several major fault lines, and combining with the structure before coal accumulation and during coal accumulation, the sedimentary- - Paleogeography and plant status on the distribution of the regularity of the coal were discussed. The results show that: (1) Tertiary coalfields in southern China are concentrated in the Sanjiang fold belt and the southwestern part of the Yangtze block, and the coal-bearing strata continue to expand to the northwest direction from the gradually developed erosion surface from the old to the new ancient fault; (2) In the regional area, coal-bearing strata of the same age have similarities in horizontal distribution height. The mountainous erosion-sedimentary model before the Yanshan movement is formed by the two Guangs to the coal-bearing strata in northern Tibet, and the Himalayan movement in southern Tibet is rapidly affected The sedimentary model is obviously different; (3) The depositional height of the Pliocene coal-bearing strata in the northern Tibet-Yunnan plateau is discussed by comparing the characteristics of the plant sporopollen assemblages with the present vegetation. After the Pliocene of the northern Tibet Plateau, (4) The relationship between in-band tectonics and erosion in mountainous area and the effect of coal accumulation is discussed, and it is pointed out that different tectonic movements in different areas have a great influence on coal-bearing coal (5) The distribution of karst development zone and coal-bearing strata is pointed out.