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目的掌握云南省血吸虫病疫情动态和影响因素,为制定防治措施提供依据。方法选择4个血吸虫病疫情较重的县(市)的4个村作为国家级监测点。按全国监测方案的要求,对监测点内居民进行血吸虫感染血清学筛查(IHA)和病原学检查,并开展监测点基本情况调查、家畜病情监测和螺情调查。计算和分析人群血检阳性率、粪检阳性率、家畜感染率、钉螺感染率和活螺密度等监测指标。结果 IHA共筛查4 310人,受检率为79.68%,阳性率为8.40%,洱源县前甸村阳性率高达12.53%。女性阳性率略高于男性,30岁及以上年龄段、农民、民工和初中文化程度者感染率较高。血检阳性者中未查出粪检阳性者。现存晚期血吸虫病病人24例。4村均未检出感染性家畜和钉螺,活螺平均密度为0.023 3~0.056 6只/0.1 m2。结论监测点村疫情已得到有效控制,云南省血吸虫病处于低流行状态。
Objective To understand the epidemic situation and influencing factors of schistosomiasis in Yunnan Province and provide the basis for making prevention and control measures. Methods Four schistosomiasis endemic counties (cities) were selected as the four national monitoring sites. According to the requirements of the national monitoring program, serological screening (IHA) and etiological examination of schistosomiasis were carried out among residents in the monitoring sites, and the basic situation of monitoring sites, the monitoring of livestock diseases and the snail investigation were conducted. The blood sampling positive rate, stool positive rate, livestock infection rate, snail infection rate and live snail density were calculated and analyzed. Results A total of 4310 IHAs were screened out, with the detection rate of 79.68% and the positive rate of 8.40%. The positive rate of Qiandi Village in Eryuan County was as high as 12.53%. The positive rate of women is slightly higher than that of men. People aged 30 and over have higher infection rate among peasants, migrant workers and middle school students. No positive stool tests were found in those with positive blood tests. Existing patients with advanced schistosomiasis in 24 cases. No infected domestic animals and snails were detected in 4 villages. The average density of live snails was 0.023 3 ~ 0.056 6 /0.1 m2. Conclusion The epidemic situation in the monitoring village has been effectively controlled, and schistosomiasis in Yunnan Province is in a low prevalence status.