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影响国际能源合作的因素很多,本文着眼于制度因素的影响,以威廉姆森的交易成本理论为基本分析框架,运用其中的资产专用性、不确定性、交易频率三个变量具体分析“石油换贷款”这一制度安排产生的原因及其对国际能源合作的重要作用,并重点阐述中俄、中巴、中哈三个“石油换贷款”合作条款的主要特点及其原因,在此基础上分析如何通过设计和完善制度安排来推进国际能源合作。
There are many factors that affect international energy cooperation. This article focuses on the influence of institutional factors. Taking Williamson’s transaction cost theory as the basic analysis framework, we use the three variables of asset specificity, uncertainty and trading frequency to analyze “ The reasons for the institutional arrangements and the important role it plays in international energy cooperation. The main features and reasons of the cooperation provisions of the three ”oil for loans" in China and Russia, China and Pakistan, and China and Kazakhstan are also described. On this basis, it analyzes how to promote international energy cooperation by designing and perfecting institutional arrangements.