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【目的】对11年来西北春谷中晚熟区育成的谷子品种产量、农艺性状、抗逆性及品质性状综合分析,为西北春谷中晚熟区谷子新品种选育、推广及资源利用提供理论参考。【方法】基于2005—2015年国家谷子品种区域试验西北春谷中晚熟区数据,对参试品种及通过鉴定品种的产量、主要农艺性状进行比较与分析。并对通过鉴定的30个品种抗逆性、品质进行分析。【结果】2005—2015年参试品种及通过鉴定品种的产量有逐年增加的趋势。参试品种和通过鉴定品种的农艺性状在年度间存在一定的变异,参试品种的株高、单穗重、穗粒重、出谷率有逐年增加的趋势,生育期有缩短的趋势;通过鉴定的30个品种和对照相比,生育期、株高有降低趋势,株高变幅为105—165 cm;穗长在17—27 cm,70%的品种分布在19—23 cm;单穗重变幅为15—25 g,80%品种为18—22 g;穗粒重为12—20 g;出谷率分布在74%—84%,80%的品种在75%—80%;千粒重变异范围较大,分布在2.5—3.4 g,有9个品种的千粒重超过对照,公顷穗数分布在33万—43万。对通过鉴定品种农艺性状与产量的相关分析表明,产量与单穗重、穗粒重和公顷穗数呈显著正相关,与生育期呈负相关。鉴定品种总体抗性有提高的趋势,其中抗倒性明显优于对照,红叶病和白发病为主要病害,谷锈病、谷瘟病、纹枯病、蛀茎率也有不同程度地发生。穗松紧度多为中等偏紧类型,熟相中等偏好为主。品质上,通过鉴定品种的米色全为黄色,优质米的粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量及胶稠度偏低,赖氨酸含量相对较高。鉴定品种中包括了糯质、高蛋白、高脂肪及粮草兼用、抗除草剂、优质米等多种类型,丰富了品种类型。【结论】西北春谷晚熟区谷子品种的选育取得了一定的进步,所育品种在数量、多样性、产量、品质等方面有了一定的提高,但没有取得大的突破。在育种方法上比较单一,多采取简单杂交、系选的方法,应根据育种目标要求,开展材料创新,融合回交、复交、理化诱变等多种方法,并结合分子育种新技术,提高育种水平。在育种目标上,重点培育品质优良、矮秆抗倒、生育期略短、适合机械化收获的品种,培育多种类型的抗除草剂品种,满足谷子规模化生产的需求。
【Objective】 Comprehensive analysis of yield, agronomic traits, stress resistance and quality traits of millet cultivars in mid-late maturing areas of Northwest Spring Valley in the past 11 years provided a theoretical reference for breeding, popularization and resource utilization of new millet varieties in the mid-late spring region of Northwest Spring Valley. 【Method】 The yield and main agronomic traits of tested cultivars and identified cultivars were compared and analyzed based on the data of mid-late maturing areas in Northwest Spring Valley from 2005 to 2015. The resistance and quality of the 30 cultivars identified were analyzed. 【Result】 The yield of tested varieties and certified varieties from 2005 to 2015 increased year by year. There were some variations in the agronomic traits between the tested varieties and the identified cultivars during the year. The plant height, the single spike weight, the grain weight per spike and the valley-out rate of the tested cultivars tended to increase year by year while the growth stages tended to shorten. Compared with the control, the growth and plant height of the 30 cultivars showed a decreasing trend with the amplitude of 105-165 cm; the spike length was 17-27 cm; the percentage of 70% was 19-23 cm; The range of amplitude is 15-25 g, 80% is 18-22 g, the spike weight is 12-20 g, the valley rate is 74% -84%, 80% is 75% -80% Larger, distributed in 2.5-3.4 g, there are 9 varieties of 1000-grain weight over the control, the number of spikes per hectare distributed 330,000 -43 million. Correlation analysis of agronomic traits and yield through the identification of cultivars showed that there was a significant positive correlation between yield and spike weight per panicle, spike weight per hectare and spikes per hectare, and negatively correlated with growth period. The overall resistance of the tested cultivars tended to increase, of which the lodging resistance was significantly better than that of the control. The leaf and white disease were the major diseases. The leaf rust, the blast, the sheath blight and the stem-stem rate also all occurred to some extent. Ears tightness and more for the medium-tightening type, cooked phase-based preference. Quality, through the identification of all varieties of beige yellow, high-quality rice protein, crude fat content and gel consistency is low, lysine content is relatively high. Identified varieties include waxy, high protein, high fat and forage both, herbicide resistance, high-quality rice and other types, enrich the variety type. 【Conclusion】 The selection of millet varieties in the late spring maturing region of Spring Valley has made certain progress. The cultivars raised in number, diversity, yield, quality and so on, but did not make a big breakthrough. In the breeding method is relatively simple, more simple hybridization, the Department of election methods, should be based on breeding objectives and requirements, to carry out material innovation, integration of backcross, complex, physical and chemical mutagenesis and other methods, combined with molecular breeding new technologies to improve breeding Level. In breeding objectives, focusing on cultivating good quality, dwarf anti-down, slightly shorter growth period, suitable for mechanized harvest varieties, cultivate many types of anti-herbicide varieties to meet the needs of large-scale production of millet.