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目的:利用有限元方法分析下颌骨受外力作用时,下颌骨与颞骨的应力分布,推断颅底的保护因素。方法:对1名健康成年男性头部进行CT扫描,根据扫描图像与相关解剖研究,对下颌骨、颞骨以及两者之间的颞下颌关节进行有限元模型重建,同时重建约束下颌骨运动范围的主要附着韧带和肌肉。对此模型颏部正中施加后上方向的力,角度分别为与下颌体水平成0°、30°、54°,施加力为1000N、2000N、3000N,观察施加不同大小与方向的外力作用时下颌骨与颞骨的应力分布情况。结果:无论外力方向与大小如何变化,颞骨应力总是小于下颌骨应力。随着外力方向的变化,下颌骨的应力集中部位亦发生变化,主要集中于髁突与下颌体前部内侧;颞骨的应力集中部位没有发生明显改变,主要集中于外耳道前壁,而不在颞骨关节窝顶。随着外力角度的增大,下颌骨与颞骨应力集中部位的应力与应变均减小。随着施加力值的增大,下颌骨与颞骨应力亦逐渐增大。结论:本模型能真实准确地计算出下颌颏部受矢状方向力作用时,下颌骨与颞骨的应力分布情况。颞下颌关节的缓冲使颞骨应力始终小于下颌骨的应力。在受到正中方向的力打击时,颞骨应力多数集中于外耳道前壁,并非关节窝顶部的薄弱部位,避免了颞骨受到严重破坏。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the stress distribution of the mandible and temporal bone under the external force of the mandible with finite element method to infer the protective factors of the skull base. Methods: CT scan was performed on the head of a healthy adult male. According to the scanning images and related anatomical study, the mandibular and temporal bone and the temporomandibular joint between them were reconstructed by finite element method. At the same time, the mandibular motion range Mainly attached ligaments and muscles. The force and angle of the upper part of the chin of the model were 0 °, 30 ° and 54 ° at the level of the mandibular body, and the applied force was 1000N, 2000N and 3000N respectively. The external force acting on the mandible with different sizes and directions was observed Bone and temporal bone stress distribution. RESULTS: Temporal bone stress was always less than mandibular stress, regardless of direction and size of external force. With the change of external force direction, the stress concentration of the mandible also changed, mainly in the medial condyle and the anterior part of the mandibular; the stress concentration of the temporal bone did not change significantly, mainly in the anterior external auditory canal, not in the temporal bone Top of the nest. With the increase of external force angle, the stress and strain of mandibular and temporal bone at stress concentration decreased. With the increase of applied force, the stress of mandible and temporal bone also increased gradually. Conclusion: The stress distribution of the mandible and temporal bone can be calculated accurately and accurately by this model when the chin is under sagittal direction. The temporomandibular joint is cushioned so that the temporal bone stress is always less than that of the mandible. When hit by the force in the middle direction, the temporal bone stress mostly concentrated in the anterior wall of the external auditory canal, not the weakest parts of the top of the glenoid, to avoid serious damage to the temporal bone.