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现在专业史学将民族国家理所当然地看做历史的自然单位或载体,这一想当然的认识因此规定了历史学家的公民职责:塑造国民。虽然有先见的史学家看到了地区史、国别史不过是更大范围的、甚至普世的历史的一部分,但狭隘的民族国家史视角和方法还是挥之不去,尤其是在第二次世界大战后的美国,以至于美国史被描绘成某种“例外”的历史,即根本不同于世界其他地域的历史。20世纪90年代,在“文化多元”和“全球化”公众话语的感召下,学者们开始对上述观念发起挑战,美国史研究中各种跨国史模式纷纷出台。其中一种新模式主张把美国史放到全球史的大背景中去考察,本文即对此一全球化美国史的研究模式加以探讨。笔者认为,美国史全球化至少可以做如下两件事:一、把美国史与大的世界史联结起来;二、考察改变了美国史的空间背景之后可能带来的对一些核心主题的深刻洞见,其中包括美国革命、美国内战及福利国家的肇端。
Now that professional historiography takes the nation-state as a natural unit or carrier of history for granted, this prejudice therefore sets the historian’s civic duty to shape the nation. Although preconceived historians saw regional history and national history as but part of a broader and even universal history, the narrow perspectives and methods of the history of the nation-state remain lingering, especially in the second The United States after World War II, so that the history of the United States is portrayed as some kind of “exceptional” history, that is fundamentally different from the history of the rest of the world. In the 1990s, inspired by the public discourse of “Cultural Diversity ” and “Globalization ”, scholars began to challenge the above concepts. Various models of transnational history in the study of American history were introduced one after another. One of the new models holds that the history of the United States should be put in context of the history of the global world. This article will discuss the research mode of this globalized American history. The author believes that the globalization of American history can do at least the following two things: First, it links the history of the United States with the history of the great world; Second, it examines the profound insights on some of the core topics that may be brought about by changing the spatial context of the American history , Including the beginnings of the American Revolution, the U.S. civil war and welfare states.