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3-D printing is the idea of not just printing 2-1）dimensional text on a paper， but rather， you’re building up 3-dimensional objects from a machine. The 2）twist is that， can we make them more 3）adaptive and more 4）responsive， so we don’t just print 5）static objects that have a fixed life， but rather this object， at its given time， could be one thing or another thing.
So one of the newest technologies that we’re working on is something called 4-D printing， and the idea behind 4-D printing is to have change over time. So the fourth 6）dimension we’re 7）proposing is the change over time. And so what we did was we printed these 8）strands， that have 9）multiple materials， and we 10）dipped them in water. And by dipping them in water that allows it to change， so it goes from a single line into the letters M-I-T. And another 11）demonstration that we did was a single strand， and it 12）folds into a 3-dimensional 13）cube.
These 14）demonstrate that， with a single material， it has the program to be able to go from one 15）state to another， and it has 16）embedded in it that 17）potential energy or that 18）activation so that it could 19）transform 20）on its own， given some 21）environmental activation. In this case it’s water. You could have heat. You could have 22）vibration， maybe sound or pressure.
There’s 23）obviously 24）applications in…in fashion and 25）precision sports equipment， and things that need to respond and be adaptive as the environment’s changing or as the conditions are changing. But I think， you know， regular everyday objects also could do that. And imagine if you print a coffee cup and you 26）pour in hot coffee， and that…the coffee cup actually 27）expands to 28）shield your hand so it doesn’t burn.
This is 29）sort of thinking about how to print robotics 30）essentially without wires or motors.
3D打印的概念不仅只是纸质界面的平面文字打印，更确切地说是从一台机器里打造出三维立体物件。创意再进一步，我们会想，能否令其变得更具适应力，敏感度更强，这样我们就不仅是打印出了形态固定的静物制品，还有可能，这件物品的形态可一可二，适时自变。
所以，我们最新的一项研究就是名为“4D打印”的技术，其背后的理念是物件随时间推移而发生变化。我们提出的这个所谓第四维度，就是随着时间的形态变化。而我们所做的就是打印出这些由多种物质构成的链条，然后浸在水中，只要将其浸泡入水中，其形状就会发生变化，可以看到链条从一行变成了几个英文字母：M、I、T。在我们做过的另一个实例中，大家可以看到一根链条自动折叠成了一个三维立方体。
从这些演示里，我们看到，以单一材料，有着从一种形态向另一种形态转变的程序，某种潜在能量或激活机制已注入其中，只要得到相应环境的触发，便能自动变形。在这个演示里（的激活要素）是水，你还可以用热量，用震动，也许还能用声音或压力。
四维打印技术显然可以应用到时尚服饰及精密运动器材的制造上，以及其他需要随环境、天气变化而密切调适配合的产品。但我觉得，日常生活用品也可以考虑采用这种技术。试想若你有一个四维打印而成的咖啡杯，你倒入热咖啡，那杯子能自然膨胀加厚，让您握杯的手免被烫伤，那该有多好。
类似印造出不带电线或电机的机器人的想法，也是同出一辙。
So one of the newest technologies that we’re working on is something called 4-D printing， and the idea behind 4-D printing is to have change over time. So the fourth 6）dimension we’re 7）proposing is the change over time. And so what we did was we printed these 8）strands， that have 9）multiple materials， and we 10）dipped them in water. And by dipping them in water that allows it to change， so it goes from a single line into the letters M-I-T. And another 11）demonstration that we did was a single strand， and it 12）folds into a 3-dimensional 13）cube.
These 14）demonstrate that， with a single material， it has the program to be able to go from one 15）state to another， and it has 16）embedded in it that 17）potential energy or that 18）activation so that it could 19）transform 20）on its own， given some 21）environmental activation. In this case it’s water. You could have heat. You could have 22）vibration， maybe sound or pressure.
There’s 23）obviously 24）applications in…in fashion and 25）precision sports equipment， and things that need to respond and be adaptive as the environment’s changing or as the conditions are changing. But I think， you know， regular everyday objects also could do that. And imagine if you print a coffee cup and you 26）pour in hot coffee， and that…the coffee cup actually 27）expands to 28）shield your hand so it doesn’t burn.
This is 29）sort of thinking about how to print robotics 30）essentially without wires or motors.
3D打印的概念不仅只是纸质界面的平面文字打印，更确切地说是从一台机器里打造出三维立体物件。创意再进一步，我们会想，能否令其变得更具适应力，敏感度更强，这样我们就不仅是打印出了形态固定的静物制品，还有可能，这件物品的形态可一可二，适时自变。
所以，我们最新的一项研究就是名为“4D打印”的技术，其背后的理念是物件随时间推移而发生变化。我们提出的这个所谓第四维度，就是随着时间的形态变化。而我们所做的就是打印出这些由多种物质构成的链条，然后浸在水中，只要将其浸泡入水中，其形状就会发生变化，可以看到链条从一行变成了几个英文字母：M、I、T。在我们做过的另一个实例中，大家可以看到一根链条自动折叠成了一个三维立方体。
从这些演示里，我们看到，以单一材料，有着从一种形态向另一种形态转变的程序，某种潜在能量或激活机制已注入其中，只要得到相应环境的触发，便能自动变形。在这个演示里（的激活要素）是水，你还可以用热量，用震动，也许还能用声音或压力。
四维打印技术显然可以应用到时尚服饰及精密运动器材的制造上，以及其他需要随环境、天气变化而密切调适配合的产品。但我觉得，日常生活用品也可以考虑采用这种技术。试想若你有一个四维打印而成的咖啡杯，你倒入热咖啡，那杯子能自然膨胀加厚，让您握杯的手免被烫伤，那该有多好。
类似印造出不带电线或电机的机器人的想法，也是同出一辙。