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目的:从肾上腺轴(HPA)对性腺轴(HPO)影响的角度,探讨运动性月经失调(AMI)的发生机制。方法:将35只成熟、健康的雌性2月龄SD大鼠随机分为对照组(C),7周训练组(Ta),7周训练恢复1周组(Tar),5周训练组(Tb)和3周训练组(Tc)。跟踪观察大鼠阴道细胞脱落情况。训练期结束后,使用电子透射显微镜和光学显微镜分别观察大鼠肾上腺皮质束状带细胞的超微结构和肾上腺直径及厚度,用化学发光法(CLIA)检测各组大鼠血浆促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)水平。结果:(1)训练5周后,Ta、Tb组大鼠出现不同程度的动情周期抑制。训练至第7周,Ta组大鼠阴道中底层细胞最多。(2)Ta、Tb组大鼠肾上腺皮质束状带窦状血管明显扩张,线粒体增多,线粒体和脂滴多见“半包裹”、“全包裹”现象;Tar组大鼠胞浆内出现胆固醇结晶体,胞浆浓缩,轻度核固缩;Tc组肾上腺束状带细胞胞浆内线粒体出现增生。光镜下,Ta组大鼠肾上腺皮质较C组明显增厚。(3)随着运动负荷的递增,大鼠血浆ACTH呈正性增高。Ta组与C组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05),恢复1周后,大鼠血浆ACTH水平有所下降。结论:递增负荷运动诱导了大鼠动情周期的抑制和肾上腺束状带结构与功能的改变。大鼠动情周期抑制发生在肾上腺轴活化到一定程度之后。经过短暂休息,大鼠动情周期抑制状况未见明显改观,这与垂体-肾上腺轴仍处于较高的活化水平有关。提示HPA轴的过度活化可能参与调节了AMI的发生。
Objective: To investigate the mechanism of exercise-induced menstrual disorders (AMI) from the perspective of the effect of adrenal axis (HPA) on the gonadal axis (HPO). Methods: 35 mature and healthy female 2-month-old SD rats were randomly divided into control group (C), 7 weeks training group (Ta), 7 weeks training recovery 1 week group (Tar), 5 weeks training group ) And 3 weeks training group (Tc). Follow-up observation of vaginal cells shedding. At the end of training period, ultrastructure and adrenal diameter and thickness of adrenal cortical zone cells were observed by transmission electron microscope and optical microscope respectively. The level of plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone ACTH) level. Results: (1) After 5 weeks of training, different degrees of estrous cycle inhibition occurred in Ta and Tb rats. By the seventh week of training, Ta was the most vaginal invaders. (2) The sinusoidal bundles of adrenal cortex in Ta and Tb groups were significantly expanded, with increased mitochondria and mitochondria and lipid droplets. , Cytoplasm concentrated, mild nuclear pyknosis; Tc group adrenal fascicularis cytoplasmic mitochondria hyperplasia. Under light microscope, adrenal cortex of Ta group was obviously thicker than that of C group. (3) With the increase of exercise load, ACTH in plasma increased positively in rats. There was a significant difference between Ta group and C group (P <0.05). After 1 week recovery, plasma ACTH level decreased. Conclusion: Incremental exercise induced the inhibition of estrous cycle and the changes of structure and function of adrenal fasciculus. Inhibition of estrous cycle in rats occurs after activation of the adrenal axis to a certain extent. After a brief rest, there was no significant change in the estrous cycle inhibition in rats, which is related to the high level of activation of the pituitary-adrenal axis. Tip over-activation of HPA axis may be involved in regulating the occurrence of AMI.