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目的了解济南市乳制品中重金属污染物含量分布特征,评价重金属污染状况及程度。方法 2012—2013年对济南市生乳、发酵乳、灭菌乳、婴幼儿配方乳粉和普通乳粉等5种乳制品中的铅(Pb)、汞(Hg)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)及类金属元素砷(As)含量进行测定。采用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法,按农产品质量分级标准,对其污染程度进行分析评价。结果乳制品中5种重金属元素项目检出率分别为Pb 14.0%(21/150)、总As 24.7%(37/150)、总Hg 82.0%(109/133)、Cd 26.3%(35/133)和Cr 72.9%(43/59),生乳中Pb和灭菌乳中Pb、Cd未检出。生乳中总Hg的均值、P75和P95均超过限量值,发酵乳、灭菌乳中总Hg含量和普通乳粉中Cd含量的P95超过限量值。生乳、发酵乳和灭菌乳等液态乳重金属检出率和单因子污染指数均以总Hg最高,其中生乳PHg>1,属重度污染,发酵乳PHg>0.6,属轻度污染;婴幼儿配方乳粉和普通乳粉等固态乳重金属检出率以Cr最高,单因子污染指数以Cd最高,处于安全级别范围内。生乳重金属污染程度最高,综合污染指数Pn=0.754,属轻度污染,婴幼儿配方乳粉最低,综合污染指数排序为生乳>发酵乳>灭菌乳>普通乳粉>婴幼儿配方乳粉。结论济南市4种乳制品达到安全级别,受重金属污染威胁较小。液态乳重金属污染物主要为总Hg,固态乳为Cd。生乳中总Hg单因子污染指数和综合污染指数较高,处于污染状态,应加强生乳中重金属污染物总Hg含量的控制。
Objective To understand the distribution characteristics of heavy metal pollutants in dairy products in Jinan and evaluate the status and degree of heavy metal pollution. Methods The contents of Pb, Hg, Cd and Cr (Ⅵ) in five dairy products including raw milk, fermented milk, sterilized milk, infant formula milk powder and ordinary milk powder in Jinan City during 2012-2013 were analyzed. Cr) and metalloid arsenic (As) content were measured. The single factor pollution index method and Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method, according to agricultural product quality grading standards, the degree of pollution analysis and evaluation. Results The detection rates of five heavy metal elements in dairy products were Pb 14.0% (21/150), total As 24.7% (37/150), total Hg 82.0% (109/133), Cd 26.3% (35/133 ) And Cr (72.9%) (43/59), Pb and Cd in raw milk and sterilized milk were not detected. The average total Hg in raw milk, P75 and P95 exceeded the limit value, the total Hg content in fermented milk, sterilized milk and the P95 in common milk powder exceeded the limit value. The detection rate of heavy metals and the single factor pollution index of raw milk such as raw milk, fermented milk and sterilized milk are the highest in total Hg, of which the raw milk PHg> 1, which belongs to the heavy pollution and the fermented milk has the PHg> 0.6, which belongs to mild pollution; The detection rates of heavy metal such as milk powder and ordinary milk powder are the highest in Cr, and the one-factor pollution index is the highest in Cd, within the safe level. The pollution level of heavy metals in raw milk is the highest. The comprehensive pollution index (Pn = 0.754) is mild pollution and the lowest in formula milk powder. The comprehensive pollution index ranked as raw milk> fermented milk> sterilized milk> normal milk powder> infant formula milk powder. Conclusion Four kinds of dairy products in Jinan reach the safety level, and are less threatened by heavy metal pollution. Heavy metal contaminants in liquid milk are mainly total Hg and solid milk is Cd. The total Hg single factor pollution index and integrated pollution index in raw milk are high, and are in a pollution state. The control of the total Hg content in heavy metal contaminants in raw milk should be strengthened.