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工具和设备是交互虚拟装配仿真的重要组成部分,在用于辅助装配工艺规划时尤为重要。由于装配工具和设备在结构和操作功能上复杂多样,在交互式虚拟装配仿真中工具和设备的操作仿真一直是个热点问题。在对汽车装配中的交互操作进行分析的基础上,首先对虚拟装配工具和设备的功能需求进行定义;建立虚拟装配工具与设备的统一模型,该模型能用于表达各类装配工具和设备的结构、功能和操作方式;随后研究并解决了手动、半自动、自动工具的一般操作流程和关键操作方法;最后将所建立的模型和相关方法应用于某型汽车的总装工位交互操作仿真中。结果表明：虚拟装配工具与设备模型及操作方法能够支持交互式虚拟装配操作仿真中的三类典型装配工具表达与操作。“,”Tools and equipments play an important role in the simulation of virtual assembly,especially in the assembly process simulation and plan.Because of variety in function and complexity in structure and manipulation,the simulation of tools and equipments remains to be a challenge for interactive assembly operation.Based on analysis of details and characteristics of interactive operations for automobile assembly,the functional requirement for tools and equipments of automobile assembly was given.Then,a unified modeling method for information expression and function realization of general tools and equipments was represented,and the handling methods of manual,semi-automatic,automatic tools and equipments were discussed.Finally,the application in assembly simulation of rear suspension and front suspension of an automobile was given.The result shows that the modeling and handling methods are applicable in the interactive simulation of various tools and equipments,and can also be used for supporting assembly process planning in virtual environment.