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第二次世界大战期间,Bywatters认识到急性肾功能衰竭是一种临床综合征。由于多种临床原因都可以发生急性肾功能衰竭,所以曾用急性肾小管坏死、挤压综合征、下肾单位肾病和肾血管舒缩性肾病来描述这一综合征。急性肾功能衰竭,一般可以解释为氮质代谢的终产物排泄的突然减退。常表现为迅速地进行性的氮质血症和少尿,虽后者不一定经常存在。急性肾功能衰竭有三种:肾前性少尿;肾性肾功能衰竭和肾后性肾功能衰
During World War II, Bywatters recognized acute renal failure as a clinical syndrome. Because acute renal failure can occur for a variety of clinical reasons, it has been described in acute tubular necrosis, crush syndrome, nephrotic nephropathy and vasomotor nephropathy. Acute renal failure can generally be explained by a sudden drop in excretion of the end product of nitrogen metabolism. Often manifested as rapidly progressive azotemia and oliguria, although the latter does not always exist. There are three types of acute renal failure: prerenal oliguria; renal failure and postrenal renal failure