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斯图亚特·霍尔在其经典之作《文化研究:两种范式》中,将文化研究的起点定位在20世纪50年代。1964年,英国“伯明翰文化研究中心”的成立则促使文化研究向学科化、建制化方向发展,并主要采用文化主义研究范式。20世纪60年代末,法国阿尔都塞的结构主义传入英国大陆,成为文化主义的竞争对手。20世纪70年代后期,这两种研究范式之争异常激烈,但是客观地讲,二者都有“阿喀琉斯之踵”:
In his classic “Cultural Studies: Two Paradigms,” Stuart Hall locates the starting point of cultural studies in the 1950s. In 1964, the founding of the “Birmingham Center for Cultural Studies” in the United Kingdom led to the development of the study of culture in a disciplinary and institutionalized manner, with the main application of the paradigm of cultural studies. In the late 1960s, the structuralism of France’s Althusser was introduced into the British mainland and became a culturalist competitor. In the late 1970s, the battle between the two research paradigms was fierce, but objectively speaking both had “Achilles heel”: