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目的调查2014年天津市儿童青少年超重肥胖流行现状及其影响因素,为制订学生超重肥胖防制策略提供参考。方法按照分层整群随机抽样的方法,抽取天津市7~22岁学生9 607名,测量身高、体重并计算体质量指数(BMI),问卷调查采用“全国学生体质健康调研学生调查问卷”。采用中国肥胖工作组制定的标准筛查超重、肥胖,并分析影响因素。结果 2014年天津市儿童青少年超重、肥胖的检出率分别为16.3%和14.9%。男生超重检出率(19.2%)高于女生(13.5%)(χ~2=56.836,P<0.01),城区学生(18.0%)高于乡村(14.6%)(χ~2=20.121,P<0.01);男生肥胖检出率(19.8%)高于女生(9.9%)(χ~2=186.000,P<0.01),城区学生(16.4%)高于乡村(13.3%)(χ~2=18.096,P<0.01)。城区学生、男生、每天吃鸡蛋、体育课出汗且感觉累、不愿意参加长跑锻炼、平均每天看电视时间≥1 h是学生发生超重肥胖的危险因素(P值均<0.05)。结论天津市7~22岁儿童青少年超重及肥胖形势严峻,日常饮食、运动态度与行为、看电视时间较长等生活方式是超重肥胖的主要影响因素。
Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Tianjin in 2014 and provide reference for the development of prevention and control strategies for overweight and obesity among students. Methods According to the stratified cluster random sampling method, 9 607 students from 7 to 22 years old in Tianjin were sampled and their height and weight were measured. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The survey was conducted with the National Student Health Survey Student Questionnaire ". Using the standard set by China Obesity Working Group to screen overweight and obesity, and analyze the influencing factors. Results In 2014, the detection rates of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents in Tianjin were 16.3% and 14.9% respectively. The prevalence of overweight in boys was 19.2% higher than that in girls 13.5% (χ ~ 2 = 56.836, P <0.01), while that in urban areas was 18.0% higher than that in rural areas (χ ~ 2 = 20.121, P < 0.01). The prevalence of obesity in boys was higher than that in girls (19.8% vs. 9.9%, χ ~ 2 = 186.000, P <0.01) , P <0.01). Urban students, boys, eating eggs every day, physical education, sweating and tired, do not want to participate in long-distance exercise, the average daily watch TV time ≥ 1h is a risk factor for overweight and obesity (P <0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children aged 7-22 years in Tianjin is severe. Daily life style such as diet, exercise attitude and behavior, watching television for a long time is the main influencing factor of overweight and obesity.