在吕坤的哲学思想中,具有许多辩证的思想范畴,这主要反映在他的自(必)然、当然和偶然说中。 自然又称必然,吕坤用它来表示客观事物或自然现象在发展过程中所出现的必然趋向,也即事物的普遍规律,如“阳亢必旱,久旱必阴,久阴必雨,久雨必晴,此之谓自然。”(《呻吟语》卷四《天地》)当然表示人主观的自觉努力和对道德 In Lv Kun’s philosophical thinking, there are many dialectical categories of thought, which are mainly reflected in his (necessarily), of course, and by chance. Naturally also called inevitable, Lv Kun uses it to express the inevitable tendency of objective or natural phenomena in the course of development, that is, the universal law of things, such as “Yang Kang will drought, drought will be cloudy, long will rain, A long rain will clear, which means nature. ”(“ Groans ”Volume IV“ Heaven and Earth ”) of course, subjective self-conscious efforts and moral