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西方近代国际关系秩序观以武力为背景进入中国以后逐渐挤压着支撑中国传统对外体制的中华世界观。其直接后果是造成诸条约国对清朝直属领地以及属邦之主权的侵蚀。清政府的对策是藉现有传统制度并西方国际法来竭力维护上述权益。本论文所指出的中外外模式即是在上述背景下清政府所推出的一个既包括中国传统对外体制元素,又涵盖近代国际法条例的新对外体制。清政府于19世纪八十年代以后在朝鲜所推行的一系列政策便是上述中外外模式的实践。
Western modern concept of order in international relations after entering China with the background of armed force gradually squeezed the Chinese world outlook that supports China’s traditional external system. Its direct consequence was the erode of the Treaty nations over the sovereignty of the territories directly under the Ching Dynasty. The Qing government’s countermeasure is to use the existing traditional system and western international law to strive to safeguard these rights. The model of China and foreign countries pointed out in this thesis is a new foreign system introduced by the Qing government under the above background which includes both the elements of China’s traditional external system and modern international law. A series of policies implemented by the Qing government in North Korea after the 1980s are the practice of the above-mentioned model of both Chinese and foreign countries.