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为解析西方现代运动训练理论与方法的演进理路,采用文献资料法和历史研究方法,对现代夏季奥运会复兴之初的1896—1940年的运动训练理论与方法演进特征进行论述。结果:以“四体液学说”为理论基础的运动训练范式,逐渐被能量守恒、能量守恒与转化的现代物理学主导的机械论范式所取代,并将运动生理学、心理学内容纳入其中,最终才真正引发运动训练理论与方法的质的革命性飞跃。结论:以生理学为基础的运动训练理论体系逐渐向运动训练方法的应用转化,成为这一时期的主要特征,并基本界定了西方现代运动训练理论与方法“范式”。
In order to analyze the evolutionary path of western modern sports training theories and methods, this paper discusses the theory and method of sports training from 1896 to 1940 at the beginning of the modern summer Olympic Games renaissance with the method of literature and data and historical research. Results: The paradigm of sports training based on the theory of “four body fluids” was gradually replaced by the modern mechanical theory paradigm of conservation of energy, conservation of energy and transformation, which incorporated the contents of exercise physiology and psychology. Finally, it really triggered a qualitative leap in the theory and method of exercise training. CONCLUSION: Physiological-based theory of exercise training gradually transforms into the application of the method of exercise training, becoming the main feature of this period, and basically defines the theory and method of western modern sports training.