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采用SSR标记对云南地区的8个长尖叶蔷薇天然居群进行了遗传多样性分析。结果显示:所选用的14对SSR引物,共检测到77个等位位点;在物种水平上,总居群的Nei’s基因多样性指数(He)和香农指数(I)分别为0.3139和0.4747;该居群内遗传变异(65.47%)大于居群间遗传变异(34.53%),说明居群内变异是其居群的主要变异来源;利用Popgene计算出两两居群间的Nei’s遗传一致度(I)和遗传距离(D),其范围分别为0.7879～0.8986和0.1070～0.2384,依据遗传距离可将8个居群分为3组,8个居群并没有严格依据地理距离的远近而聚类;海拔与Nei’s基因多样性的相关系数为0.8771,呈显著正相关。研究结果表明,云南地区的长尖叶蔷薇居群遗传多样性较高,居群间遗传变异存在中度的遗传分化。基于得到的居群遗传信息,建议采取就地保护为主的保护策略,但当个别居群野外的生存环境被自然或者人为因素破坏时,建议采取迁地保护的保护策略。
SSR markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 8 natural populations of Rosa longifolia in Yunnan. The results showed that a total of 77 alleles were detected in 14 pairs of SSR primers. Nei’s gene diversity index (He) and Shannon index (I) of total population were 0.3139 and 0.4747 respectively at the species level. The genetic variation within the population (65.47%) was greater than the genetic variation among populations (34.53%), indicating that intra-population variation was the major source of variation in the population. Using Popgene, Nei’s genetic identity between two populations was calculated The genetic distance (D) ranged from 0.7879 to 0.8986 and from 0.1070 to 0.2384, respectively. According to the genetic distance, 8 populations were divided into 3 groups, and 8 populations were not clustered strictly according to the geographic distance The correlation coefficient between altitude and Nei’s gene diversity was 0.8771, which showed a significant positive correlation. The results showed that there was a high degree of genetic diversity in populations of Rosa longiifolia in Yunnan and moderate genetic differentiation among populations. Based on the obtained genetic information of heritages, it is recommended to adopt a protection strategy based on in situ conservation. However, when the living environment of individual populations in the wild is destroyed by natural or man-made factors, it is recommended to adopt a protection strategy for ex-situ conservation.