一、图形——背景理论图形—背景理论源于由丹麦心理学家Rubin(1915)首先提出来的图形背景分离的观点(figure-ground segregation),其后这一理论被完形心理学借鉴,进行人类的知觉研究。该理论认为图形和背景这两个部分构成人们的知觉场。我们通常把某一认知概念或感知中突出的部分称为图形,由于它具有高度清晰的结构,因此是人们易关注的部分;而相对地,背景则是为突出图形而 I. GRAPHICS - THEORY OF THE BACKGROUND - The theory of the background stems from the figure-ground segregation, first proposed by the Danish psychologist Rubin (1915). Later, the theory is borrowed by the Gestalt psychology, Conduct human perception studies. The theory holds that the two parts of figure and background constitute the field of consciousness of people. We often refer to a prominent part of a cognitive concept or perception as a graphic, which is a matter of concern because of its highly-defined structure; and relatively, the background is to highlight the graphic