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目的分析儿童1型糖尿病(T1DM)的临床特征,探讨该病对儿童生长发育的影响程度及后期并发症发生的情况。方法对发病年龄在13个月至14.7岁,经实验室检查确诊为T1DM的210例患儿的临床特征进行了回顾性分性,并对99例患儿进行了1~24年的并发症、生长发育、死因随访。结果因单纯糖尿病入院者47例(22.4%);伴酮血症入院者69例(32.9%);伴酮症酸中毒入院者94例(44.7%),其中农村患儿78例。起病时有诱因者43例,其中自停胰岛素15例。酮症酸中毒患儿住院时间明显比单纯糖尿病患儿长(P<0.05)。随访的99例中出现各种并发症50例,其中以微血管病变发生率最高。病程长易并发各种并发症(P<0.05),病后的监测方法与并发症的发生也明显相关。患儿组身高明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论酮症酸中毒是儿童糖尿病的基本特征;病程长易并发各种并发症;加强对儿童糖尿病患者的血糖检测和病后教育,将对儿童糖尿病的治疗起重要作用。
Objective To analyze the clinical features of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children and investigate the influence of this disease on the growth and development of children and the occurrence of late complications. Methods The clinical features of 210 children aged from 13 months to 14.7 years who were diagnosed as T1DM by laboratory examination were retrospectively divided into two groups and 99 cases were followed up for 1 to 24 years of complications. Growth and development, follow-up of death. Results 47 cases (22.4%) were hospitalized with simple diabetes mellitus, 69 cases (32.9%) were hospitalized with ketosis, 94 cases (44.7%) were hospitalized with ketoacidosis, of which 78 cases were rural children. There are 43 cases of inducing onset, of which 15 cases of self-stop insulin. Children with ketoacidosis hospitalization was significantly longer than children with simple diabetes (P <0.05). Follow-up of 99 cases of various complications occurred in 50 cases, of which the highest incidence of microvascular disease. Long course of the disease complicated by complications (P <0.05), post-disease monitoring methods and complications are also significantly related. Children’s height was significantly lower than the control group (P <0.05). Conclusions Ketoacidosis is the basic characteristic of children with diabetes. The course of the disease is long and complicated by various complications. Strengthening the blood sugar detection and post-partum education in children with diabetes will play an important role in the treatment of children with diabetes.