大家知道,不含杂质的纯半导体几乎没有什么直接的用途.为了制造半导体器件,人们总是先将半导体材料尽可能地提纯,然后用扩散、离子注入等方法将一定数量的特定杂质掺入半导体的一定部位,以控制半导体的导电类型和电阻率,再经金属蒸发等工艺,最终制成半导体器件.因此,研究杂质的 It is well known that pure semiconductors without impurities have very little direct use.In order to manufacture semiconductor devices, semiconductor materials are always purified as much as possible, then a certain amount of specific impurities are doped into semiconductors by means of diffusion, ion implantation, etc. Of the site to control the conductivity type and resistivity of the semiconductor, and then by metal evaporation and other processes, and ultimately made of semiconductor devices.Therefore, the study of impurities