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城镇化的发展使不透水面积不断增加,往往导致地区的水文过程发生较为明显的改变。以太湖上游西苕溪流域内的安吉城镇化实验小区为例,在对研究流域50多a长系列水文气象资料和区域城镇化特征作较详细分析的基础上,结合2005～2008年短时间尺度降雨径流观测实验,通过雨量、水位以及下垫面等数据分析,选用Storm Water Management Model这一暴雨洪水管理模型对该地区的典型洪水过程进行了模拟,对其降雨径流规律进行了分析。结果表明:该模型对该区域的模拟效果较好,误差较小,可以用于该城镇化地区的降雨径流过程模拟和洪水规律定量分析;分析该实验小区降雨径流过程可知,城镇化使该地区洪水上涨过程明显加快,6场典型洪水的峰型系数均值为3.05,洪峰流量增大而滞时缩短,较快的汇流速度使该地区的防洪压力较大。实验观测方法及模拟分析成果将有助于对太湖地区小流域城镇洪水过程特征与规律的认识,对我国东部城镇地区的防洪、规划与管理也具有重要的借鉴意义。
The development of urbanization increases the impervious area, often resulting in obvious changes in hydrological processes in the region. Taking the Anji urbanization experimental plot in the upper reaches of the Taihu Lake in the upper reaches of Taihu Lake as an example, based on a more detailed analysis of more than 50 long series of hydrological and meteorological data and regional urbanization features in the basin, combined with the short-term scale rainfall from 2005 to 2008 Based on the data of rainfall, water level and underlying surface, the storm flood management model of Storm Water Management Model was chosen to simulate the typical flood process in this area. The runoff regularity of rainfall was also analyzed. The results show that the model has better simulation results and less error, which can be used to simulate the process of rainfall runoff and quantitative analysis of flood regulation in the urbanization area. Analyzing the process of rainfall runoff in the experimental area, The process of flood rising obviously accelerated. The average of the peak shape coefficient of 6 typical floods was 3.05. The flood peak flow increased and the time lag shortened. The quick convergence speed made the flood control pressure in this area larger. Experimental observations and simulation results will help to understand the characteristics and laws of urban flood processes in small watersheds in Taihu Lake area and also provide important reference for flood control, planning and management in urban areas in eastern China.