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地震可以不同方式对水库大坝造成破坏:①强烈的地振动;②坝基沿断层或其他间断面的位移;③水库内断层活动引起波浪使大坝失去超高;④岩体向水库运动形成冲击波。大地震影响的范围较广,可能影响的水库大坝数量也较多,如2001年发生的印度Bhuj地震,有240多座水库大坝(主要为小型的土石坝)因遭受破坏而需要除险加固。另外,2008年5月12日发生在四川汶川的8级地震,有1580多座水库大坝遭受到不同程度的破坏。2008年6月14日日本Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku7.2级地震发生后,对其涉及的134座水库大坝进行了地震后特别检查。通常,负责大坝安全的部门需要通过调查对震损水库的安全状况进行评估,进行调查时最好使用检查表。2008年国际大坝委员会对使用了20a的地震后水坝检查导则进行了全面修订,其中包括土石坝及混凝土坝的震后检查表。介绍了导则修改后的特点,并希望提供的检查表不仅应用于水库大坝的震后检查,也可应用于水库大坝一般检查。
Earthquakes can cause damage to the reservoir dam in different ways: ① strong ground vibration; ② displacement of the dam foundation along the fault or other discontinuities; ③ waves caused by the fault activity in the reservoir to cause the dam to lose superhighway; ④ the rock mass forms a shock wave . Large earthquakes affect a wider area and more reservoirs may be affected. For example, in the Bhuj earthquake in India in 2001, more than 240 reservoir dams (mainly small earth-rockfill dams) Reinforced. In addition, on May 12, 2008, an earthquake of magnitude 8 occurred in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province, more than 1,580 reservoirs have been damaged to varying degrees. After the earthquake of magnitude 7.2, Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku, Japan, on June 14, 2008, we conducted a post-earthquake post-earthquake special inspection of the 134 reservoir dams it involved. In general, the dams responsible for dam safety will need to assess the safety status of shaken reservoirs through surveys, which are best used when conducting surveys. In 2008, the International Commission on Dams completed a comprehensive revision of the post-quake dam inspection guidelines using 20a, including a post-earthquake checklist of earth-rock dams and concrete dams. The modified guideline is introduced and it is hoped that the checklist provided will not only be applied to post-earthquake inspection of reservoir dams but also to general inspection of reservoir dams.