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目的了解三门峡市乙脑流行特征与规律,探讨防制对策与措施。方法采用传染病疫情报告系统的数据进行一般统计学方法,对22年乙脑发病进行描述分析。结果三门峡市1986~2007报告乙脑1 673例,死亡124例,最高发病率为1988年,19.98/10万,最低2005年,0.17/万,年均发病率4.37/10万,整体疫情趋势在波动中下降。病例分布呈高度散发状态,发病高峰为每年7~9月,呈明显的季节性,发病人群以散居儿童和农民为主,农村高于市区,2003年后乙脑发病大年龄组明显上升。结论乙脑的防治在农村地区采取以加强免疫接种、防蚊灭蚊和健康教育宣传的综合防治措施,并且要加强成年人和老年人的免疫接种,使人群达到并维持高免疫水平,从而有效地控制乙脑发病。
Objective To understand the characteristics and laws of Japanese encephalitis in Sanmenxia City and to explore countermeasures and measures for prevention and control. Methods The data of epidemic reporting system of infectious diseases were used to carry out general statistical methods to describe and analyze the incidence of Japanese encephalitis in 22 years. Results In 1986 ~ 2007, Sanmenxia City reported 1 673 cases of JE and 124 cases of death. The highest incidence was 1988, 19.98 / 100000, the lowest in 2005, 0.17 / million, with an average annual incidence of 4.37 / 100000. The overall epidemic trend was in the Fluctuation in decline. The distribution of cases was highly distributed. The peak incidence was from July to September each year. The incidence was seasonal. The affected population was dominated by scattered children and peasants, rural areas were higher than urban areas, and the incidence of Japanese encephalitis in older age groups increased significantly after 2003. Conclusion The prevention and treatment of JE in rural areas should be taken as a comprehensive prevention and control measure to enhance publicity on immunization, anti-mosquito and health education, and to strengthen the immunization of adults and the elderly, so that the population can achieve and maintain a high level of immunity so as to be effective To control the incidence of Japanese encephalitis.