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土壤导水率及大孔隙数量是决定降雨-入渗的重要参数,对模拟土壤水分及溶质运移、建立流域水文模型具有重要意义.为确定黄土区土地利用方式对土壤大孔隙特征的影响,本文通过Hood入渗仪及土壤水分特征曲线,比较了该区刺槐林地、草地、小麦地、苹果林地土壤导水率、大孔隙度和大孔隙连通性的差异.结果表明:研究区刺槐林地、草地、小麦地、苹果林地的平均饱和导水率分别为58.60×10-6、54.90×10-6、35.30×10-6、23.40×10-6m·s-1,存在显著性差异.不同土地利用方式下的单位面积有效大孔隙数目、大孔隙度及大孔隙连通性均依次为:刺槐林地≈草地>小麦地>苹果林地.植被恢复通过植物根系穿插、土壤动物活动等形成大孔隙,可显著提高土壤入渗性能.黄土区应坚持林草植被恢复措施.
Soil hydraulic conductivity and the number of macropores are important parameters that determine rainfall-infiltration, and are of great significance for the simulation of soil moisture and solute transport and establishment of hydrological models of watershed.In order to determine the effect of land use on soil macropore characteristics in loess areas, In this paper, the differences of soil hydraulic conductivity, macroporosity and macropore connectivity of Robinia pseudoacacia forestland, grassland, wheat land and apple forest in this area were compared by Hood infiltration meter and soil water characteristic curve.The results showed that: The mean saturated hydraulic conductivities of grassland, wheat land and apple forest land were 58.60 × 10-6, 54.90 × 10-6, 35.30 × 10-6 and 23.40 × 10-6m · s-1, respectively, with significant differences The number of effective macropores per unit area, macroporosity and macroporosity connectivity were as follows: Robinia pseudoacacia grassland> wheat land> apple tree forest. Vegetation restoration formed macropores through plant root intercalation and soil animal activities, Significantly improve soil infiltration performance. Loess area should adhere to the restoration measures of forest and grass vegetation.