论文部分内容阅读
准确的基础免疫接种率是免疫决策的重要依据，而常规报告是获取基础免疫接种率的主要途经。为评估常规报告接种率数据的可信性、我们采用ＷＨＯ推荐的ＰＰＳ抽样方法，于１９９４年对全市儿童基础免疫接种率进行了抽样调查，并对所获的接种率与常规报告接种率进行了比较，结果表明，除１９９０年两种途径所获的ＢＣＧ、ＯＰＶ基础免疫接种率基本相符外，其他年度四苗基础免疫接种率存在较大差异，其中以１９９１年最为明显，ＢＣＧ、ＯＰＶ、ＤＰＴ、ＭＶ四种疫苗接种率差值分别为１１．５６％、１５．２１％、１５．２５％、１４．７％。造成这种差别的主要原因可能与没有严格进行接种登记、收集接种率方法存在问题、不严格按接种程序接种、统计人员更换频繁业务素质差、监督检查少、报告质量低有关。为提高接种率报告质量，作者认为需对目前的报告方法加以改进、加强监督、同时对各级统计人员进行培训，建立健全报告接种率质量控制和信息管理系统。
Accurate basic immunization coverage is an important basis for immunization decisions, and routine reporting is the primary source of basic immunization coverage. To assess the credibility of routinely reported inoculation rates data, we conducted a sample survey of the city’s child-based immunization rates using the PPS sampling method recommended by the WHO in 1994 and conducted a screening of the vaccination rates and routine reporting rates The results showed that the basic immunization rates of BCG and OPV were basically the same except for the BCG and OPV obtained in the two ways in 1990. There were significant differences in the basic immunization rates among the four vaccine groups in other years. Among them, the rates of BCG, OPV, DPT , MV difference between the four vaccination rates were 11.56%, 15.21%, 15.25%, 14.7%. The main reasons for this difference may be related to the lack of strict registration of vaccination, the method of collecting vaccination rates, the failure to strictly follow vaccination programs, the poor quality of frequent replacement of statisticians, the lack of supervision and inspection and the low quality of reports. In order to improve the reporting rate of inoculation rates, the author believes that the current reporting methods need to be improved and strengthened, and at the same time, training of statisticians at all levels should be established to establish and improve a quality control and information management system for reporting vaccination rates.