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边疆既是一个地理实体,更是一个文化概念,是一个以“归化”程度为基准在空间上不断向外推进的活动带。对于美国来华新教女传教士研究而言,中国边疆既是实现自我价值的机遇,也是对故土“纯正女性风范”的挑战。她们的边疆意识是由女性身份与宗教、国家、种族这三个外在强势身份共谋与反抗的结果。对其边疆意识的结构性分析有助于了解美国妇女运动和国家发展之间的复杂协商关系。
The frontier is not only a geographical entity, but also a cultural concept. It is an activity belt that is continuously pushed out in space based on the degree of “naturalization”. For the study of the missionaries of Protestantism to the United States, the frontier of China is both an opportunity to realize self-worth and a challenge to the homeland of “pure female style.” Their frontier awareness is the result of conspiracy and resistance by the three externally strong identities of women, religion, country and race. A structural analysis of its frontier awareness helps to understand the complex consultative relationship between the American women’s movement and national development.