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已有的关于公共执法与私人执法的经济分析理论指出私人执法的可能性,但忽视对私人执法前提条件的研究。通过对讨债公司的讨论可以发现,讨债公司得以存在表明现实社会中权力是多元的,而讨债公司行为合法与否也与刑法及其所代表的国家权力的威慑是否足够存在强相关关系。如果国家权威没有树立就允许私人执法可能引起社会秩序的混乱,因此公共执法私人化的前提是国家权力的强大威慑力。通过引入历史维度的分析有助于验证这一结论。而当代中国已经基本具备公共执法私人化的前提,基于效率的考量可尝试确认讨债公司的合法性。伴随着法治水平的进一步提升,讨债公司仍有广阔的前景。
The existing theories of economic analysis on public law enforcement and private law enforcement point out the possibility of private law enforcement but neglect the study of the preconditions for private law enforcement. Through the discussion of debt collection companies, it can be found that the existence of debt collection companies shows that power is pluralistic in the real society, and whether the behavior of debt collection companies is lawful or not is also strongly related to the deterrence of criminal law and the power of the state represented by it. If state authority is not allowed to allow private law enforcement may cause confusion in the social order, the privatization of public enforcement is based on a strong deterrent to state power. This analysis can help to verify this conclusion by introducing a historical dimension analysis. However, contemporary China basically has the premise of privatization of public law enforcement. Based on efficiency considerations, it may try to confirm the legitimacy of debt collection companies. With the further improvement of the rule of law, there is still a huge prospect for debt collection companies.