造成学生学习障碍的因素是多方面的,认知结构不良是一重要因素。教师在教学中可以在充分了解学生原有认知结构基础上,以学生为中心,科学、巧妙地设计教学活动,提起学生学习的兴趣,激发学生自主探究的潜能,通过归纳、总结,促进学障生认知结构的建构。优化认知结构是学障生提高学习能力的根本。 The factors that cause students’ learning disabilities are many, and cognitive dysfunction is an important factor. Teachers in teaching can fully understand the original cognitive structure of students based on the students as the center, scientific and clever design of teaching activities, to bring students interest in learning, to stimulate the potential of students to explore spontaneously, through the induction, sum up, promote learning Construction of the cognitive structure of students with disabilities. Optimizing the cognitive structure is essential for students with disabilities to improve their learning ability.