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目的:分析造成军人前交叉韧带损伤的危险因素,进而指导临床,为前交叉韧带损伤的预防提供理论依据。方法:回顾性分析本院2011年11月-2012年6月的58例前交叉韧带损伤的军人病例,分别以损伤动作及其机制、损伤时所穿鞋子及发生场地、BMI及雌激素水平、运动前有无准备活动为指标,研究生物力学危险因素、外在环境危险因素、内在危险因素、神经肌肉危险因素对前交叉韧带损伤的影响。结果:ACL损伤动作中军事训练23例,篮球22例所占比例最高(总计77.6%)。在所有损伤动作中屈膝外翻38例,跳起落地10例,运动急停7例,暴力扭转3例。塑胶场地发生33例(占56.9%)为四大场地中损伤构成比最高的场地;运动时所穿鞋子类型为运动鞋12例(20.7%)、胶底鞋41例(70.6%)时损伤发生构成比明显高于其他类型的鞋子。BMI分组中超重者38例(65.5%)占据首位。雌激素分组中损伤一般发生于排卵期前后。神经肌肉因素调查中56例(96.5%)患者运动前未行专业的准备活动。结论:屈膝外翻位,活动中鞋子与地面摩擦力大,BMI指数高,体内雌激素含量增高,没有专业的运动前准备活动与前交叉韧带损伤的发生有关。诸多危险因素中唯有神经肌肉危险因素可调节控制。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the risk factors of military injuries caused by anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), and to guide the clinical practice. It provides a theoretical basis for the prevention of anterior cruciate ligament injury. Methods: A retrospective analysis of our hospital from November 2011 to June 2012 58 cases of anterior cruciate ligament injury in military cases, respectively, and its mechanism of injury, wear shoes and venue when injury, BMI and estrogen levels, Pre-exercise with or without activity as an index to study the impact of biomechanical risk factors, external environmental risk factors, intrinsic risk factors, neuromuscular risk factors on the anterior cruciate ligament injury. Results: There were 23 cases of military training in ACL injury and 22 cases of basketball (77.6% in total). 38 cases of knee eversion in all injuries, jumping in 10 cases, sports emergency stop in 7 cases, 3 cases of violence reversed. There were 33 cases (56.9%) in the venues with the highest proportions of injuries in the four venues. Injuries occurred in 12 (20.7%) shoes and 41 (70.6%) shoes Composition is significantly higher than other types of shoes. 38 cases (65.5%) overweight in BMI group occupy the first place. Injuries in estrogen groups generally occur before and after ovulation. Fifty-six patients (96.5%) in the neuromuscular investigation did not have any professional preparation before exercise. CONCLUSION: The knee flexion and extension position, shoes in the activities of large friction with the ground, BMI index high, estrogen levels increased, no professional pre-exercise preparation and anterior cruciate ligament injury. Among many risk factors, only neuromuscular risk factors can be regulated and controlled.