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苏联最高苏维埃7月1日通过了《关于企业非国有化和私有化原则法》,即私有化法。私有化法规定苏联企业的私有化将在5年内分两个阶段实现。在第一阶段结束时(1992年),属于联盟所有的企业的固定生产基金的40%至50%将脱离国家直接管理的范围;到第二阶段结束时(1995年),这个比例将上升到60%至70%。根据私有化法,国营企业可以改为租赁企业或集体企业,也可以改造成为股份公司,招标出售或拍卖主要将由企业职工购买,其他苏联公民或外国公民和法人也有权购买。私有化法虽已获得通过,但是在如何实现私有化问题上仍存在分歧。俄罗斯联邦和其他一些共和国主张无偿分配国有财产,而苏联
On July 1, the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union passed the “Law on the Principle of Non-Nationalization and Privatization of Enterprises”, namely, the Privatization Law. The privatization law stipulates that the privatization of Soviet enterprises will be realized in two stages in five years. At the end of the first phase (1992), between 40 and 50 per cent of the fixed-capital funds belonging to the coalition-owned enterprises will be out of direct national control; by the end of the second phase (1995) the proportion will rise to 60% to 70%. According to the privatization law, state-owned enterprises can be rented or collectively-owned enterprises, but also can be transformed into joint-stock companies. Bidding or auctioning will mainly be purchased by employees of enterprises and other citizens of the Soviet Union or foreign citizens and legal persons may also purchase the rights. Although the privatization law has been passed, there are still differences on how to achieve privatization. The Russian Federation and some other republics advocate the distribution of state property at no expense, while the Soviet Union