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在超分子主-客体识别系统中,由专一作用如多重氢键、拓扑捕捉、金属-配体驱动的识别虽然具有高选择性,但要求主体具有严格的尺寸、形状和电子环境;同时识别通常限于那些具有拓扑特征和电子特征的分子,这类识别机制称为静态识别。另一方面,由超支化聚合物衍生的核-壳两亲大分子(CAM),方便易得且有广泛的客体亲合性,但客体选择性通常较低。近年的研究表明,CAM的核经过合适的电子性质改性后,竞争客体分子间的差异可被放大,从而实现高选择性包裹与分离,而CAM最大的特点是核内有大量随机分布的官能团,从而可以进行各种精细的改性。这一由复杂系统的非线性特征导致的识别不需要专一作用的推动,适合于复杂分子的识别,被称为超分子模糊识别。实验表明,超分子模糊识别主体可以用于各种离子客体的高效分离,还可以识别拓扑特征和电子特征非常相似的分子。本文就超分子模糊识别的机制、特点以及应用作了综述。
In the supramolecular host-guest recognition system, the recognition of metal-ligand driven by specific functions such as multiple hydrogen bonds, topological capture and metal-ligand driven recognition, although highly selective, requires that the subject have strict size, shape and electronic environment; at the same time, Usually limited to those with topological features and electronic features of molecules, this recognition mechanism called static recognition. On the other hand, core-shell amphiphilic macromolecules (CAMs) derived from hyperbranched polymers are readily available and have a wide range of guest affinities, but generally have low guest selectivity. In recent years, studies have shown that, after CAM nuclei have been modified by suitable electronic properties, the differences between competitive guest molecules can be amplified to achieve highly selective encapsulation and separation. The most prominent feature of CAM is that a large number of randomly distributed functional groups in the nucleus , Which can be a variety of fine modification. This recognition caused by the non-linear features of complex systems does not require a special role to promote, suitable for complex molecular recognition, known as supra-molecular fuzzy recognition. Experiments show that the main body of supramolecular fuzzy recognition can be used for efficient separation of various ionic objects, and also can identify molecules with topological features and electronic features very similar. In this paper, the mechanism, characteristics and applications of supramolecular fuzzy recognition are reviewed.