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相对均一的岩石在受外力而发生破裂形变时,常出现两组共轭剪切断裂,它们相互支叉而切错方向相反。这种共轭剪断裂,有人叫做X型断裂,也有人称之为棋盘格式构造。剪切破裂面与最大主压应力轴(δ_3)之间的夹角,通常被称为剪切角(φ)。另外一种表述的方法是用两组共轭剪断裂面之间的两面角,这个角度通常近下90°,一般情况下,一对是锐角,另一对是钝角。指向最大主压应力轴(δ_3)的角矩,常被叫做共轭角(2φ)也有人称为压缩角。
Relatively homogeneous rock in the occurrence of rupture and deformation by external forces, often appear two groups of conjugate shear fracture, they cross each other and cut in the opposite direction. This conjugate shearing fracture, someone called the X-type fracture, it was also called the chessboard format structure. The angle between the shear fracture surface and the maximum principal compressive stress axis (δ_3) is often referred to as the shear angle (φ). Another way to express this is to use the two sets of conjugate shear planes to define the dihedral angle between the fractures, which is usually 90 ° below. In general, one pair is acute and the other pair is obtuse. The moment that points to the axis of maximum principal compressive stress (δ_3) is often called the conjugate angle (2φ) or the compression angle.