“文化”这一概念是由爱德华·泰勒提出建立的。他从德国社会思想家们那里摘取了这一术语,表现在他的著名界说里:“文化是这样一个复杂的概念:它包括知识、信仰、艺术、传统和被作为社会成员之一的人所采取利用的其它功能和风俗习惯。”它主要为人类学家和人种学家所发展,同时又为考古学家、心理学家和历史学家所运用。文化这个概念对既具有革命性又具有传播性的人类学是很重要的。它被认为是许多显著的特质的结合,这与“文化凝结体”联系在一起;比如,园艺在指定的社会中可能被认作一种“文化凝结体”,各种显著特质的组合,有陈旧的挖掘型棍棒,种植技艺,围栅栏,除草,在场地上举行的宗教仪式,劳动群众的组织安排,对于园地的权利,对于收获 The concept of “culture” was established by Edward Taylor. He picked it up from German social thinkers, as he famously said: “Culture is a complex concept that includes knowledge, beliefs, the arts, traditions, and people who are members of society Other functions and customs that are exploited. ”It is primarily developed by anthropologists and ethnographers, and is also used by archaeologists, psychologists and historians. The concept of culture is important to both revolutionary and communicative anthropology. It is considered to be a combination of many distinctive traits linked to “cultural condensation.” For example, gardening may be considered a “cultural cohesion” in a given society. The combination of various distinctive traits includes Old digging sticks, planting techniques, fencing, weeding, religious ceremonies held on the venue, organizational arrangements for the working people, rights to the fields,