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[目的]掌握艾滋病、性病疫情在高危人群中流行及高危类型和场所分布情况,了解健康信息教育与交流的干预模式对目标人群艾滋病认知、行为改变情况;探索在民族地区预防控制艾滋病经高危人群传播的方法,为控制艾滋病提供依据。[方法]根据国家哨点监测方案,对高危类型中暗娼人群(FSW)连续3年开展6轮HIV监测,并进行艾滋病信息教育与交流的行为干预。[结果]2005年当地FSW艾滋病基本知识知晓率29.5%,2007年知晓率67.9%。2005年高危场所FSW安全套每次使用率不到14%;2007年为74.4%,2005年高危场所季度干预覆盖率3%;2007年为60%,FSW人群计划定期健康检查的比例干预前47.6%提高到74.1%;显示宣传教育及行为干预工作有明显成效。[结论]艾滋病的传播与其行为密切相关,其传播的特殊性、单一性为预防控制提供了依据,对FSW实施有效预防与控制艾滋病健康教育与信息交流的干预措施,促其改变高危行为,减少危害措施,就能有效遏制艾滋病由高危人群向一般人群传播和蔓延。
[Objective] To grasp the prevalence of AIDS and STD epidemics in high-risk groups and the distribution of high-risk types and sites, and to understand the impact of health information education and communication interventions on AIDS awareness and behavioral changes in target populations; to explore ways to prevent and control AIDS in ethnic minority areas. The method of crowd transmission provides the basis for controlling AIDS. [Methods] According to the National Sentinel Surveillance Program, six rounds of HIV surveillance were conducted for high-risk type mesmerizing population (FSW) for three consecutive years, and AIDS information education and communication behavioral interventions were conducted. [Results] In 2005, the awareness rate of local FSW AIDS basic knowledge was 29.5%. In 2007, the awareness rate was 67.9%. In 2005, the use rate of FSW condoms in high-risk areas was less than 14%; in 2007, it was 74.4%; the coverage rate of high-risk sites in the quarter was 3% in 2005; in 2007, it was 60%; the proportion of FSW population scheduled for regular health checks was 47.6% before intervention. Increased to 74.1%; showing that publicity, education, and behavioral interventions have significant results. [Conclusion] The spread of AIDS is closely related to its behavior. The specificity and unity of its spread provide the basis for prevention and control. It implements intervention measures to effectively prevent and control AIDS health education and information exchange, and promotes changes in high-risk behaviors and decreases. Harmful measures can effectively curb the spread and spread of AIDS from high-risk groups to the general population.