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聚合物前驱体成本高、碳化后处理工艺中有机溶剂的应用,以及能源消耗等问题,限制了碳纤维在日常生活中的应用。采用离心力纺丝技术及在酸蒸气中脱水的方法制备非织造纳米纤维垫,并采用低温碳化工艺(t<800℃)制备多功能碳纳米纤维。这种方法可以制备微孔与中孔的多孔非织造碳纤维织物或纱线。纤维的直径可在几百纳米到几微米之间变化。热物理和微观结构表征表明,化学和热处理过程中的碳化形成了石墨。所制备的纤维表现出较高的导电性和比表面积,以及良好的热稳定性、疏水性和亲油性。
The high cost of polymer precursors, the use of organic solvents in post-carbonization processes, and energy consumption have limited the use of carbon fibers in everyday life. The non-woven nanofiber mat was prepared by centrifugal spinning technology and dehydration in acid steam. The multi-functional carbon nanofibers were prepared by low temperature carbonization (t <800 ℃). This method makes it possible to prepare microporous and mesoporous porous nonwoven carbon fiber fabrics or yarns. The diameter of the fibers can vary from a few hundred nanometers to a few microns. Thermophysical and microstructural characterization indicates that carbonization during the chemical and heat treatment forms graphite. The prepared fibers showed higher electrical conductivity and specific surface area, as well as good thermal stability, hydrophobicity and lipophilicity.