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胎盘是连接母体与胎儿的重要器官,在维持正常的妊娠过程中发挥着重要的作用。胎盘的结构和功能异常不仅易引发妊娠期高血压和糖尿病等妊娠并发症,还易导致早产、胎儿宫内生长受限(intrauterine growth retardation,IUGR)、流产等不良妊娠结局。芳香烃受体(aryl hydrocarbon receptor,AHR)作为一种配体激活性转录蛋白,参与了生殖调控、免疫功能调节、血管重塑等一系列重要的生理活动。AHR与滋养细胞的增殖和凋亡密切相关,并且具有调节滋养细胞细胞周期的作用。AHR在胎盘血管的生成及血流量的调节中也发挥着重要的作用,它通过调节促血管生成因子与血管生成抑制因子的平衡,参与胎盘血管的正常发育生长;同时AHR还很可能在胎盘的生长发育中介导了胎盘血管的生成以及滋养细胞的侵袭能力;AHR表达异常直接导致了相关妊娠期疾病的发生。
The placenta is an important organ connecting the mother and the fetus and plays an important role in maintaining normal pregnancy. Abnormal placental structure and function not only lead to pregnancy complications such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus, but also easily lead to premature delivery, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), abortion and other adverse pregnancy outcomes. As a ligand-activating transcriptional protein, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is involved in a series of important physiological activities such as reproductive regulation, immune function regulation and vascular remodeling. AHR is closely related to the proliferation and apoptosis of trophoblasts, and has the effect of regulating the cell cycle of the trophoblasts. AHR also plays an important role in the formation of placental blood vessels and the regulation of blood flow. It regulates the normal growth and development of placental blood vessels by regulating the balance between pro-angiogenic factors and angiogenesis inhibitors. AHR is also likely to be involved in placental The growth and development mediated the formation of placental blood vessels and the ability of trophoblast invasion; abnormal expression of AHR directly led to the occurrence of related pregnancy diseases.