当代社会科学最引人注目的成就,主要属于社会运作性研究方面。所谓运作性研究,就是为社会活动提供预测、评价和方案。社会科学家不再把宝贵的精力浪费在一些空洞的观念和辞藻上面,转而特别重视那些可以用经验加以检验的命题,理论的可操作性变得至关重要。随着社会活动中自觉性和调控能力的增强,社会科学家作出了大量努力来有效地为社会政策的目标服务,社会研究的技术手段也越来越成熟。 1969年,在颁发诺贝尔物理学奖,化学奖、生理学和医学奖69届之际,首次建立诺贝尔经济学奖,这不仅象征性地承认了经济学作为“硬”科学的地位,也标志着一般社会科学正在变成像自然科学一样可操作的“硬”科学。社会科学研究注重可 The most striking achievements of contemporary social sciences are mainly social operational research. The so-called operational research, is to provide social activities forecasting, evaluation and programs. Instead of wasting valuable energy on empty ideas and rhetoric, social scientists turn their attention to propositions that can be empirically tested, and the operability of the theory becomes crucial. With the increase of consciousness and control ability in social activities, social scientists have made great efforts to effectively serve the goals of social policies and the technical means of social research have become more and more mature. The Nobel Prize for Economics was first established in 1969 when the 69th Nobel Prize in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology and Medicine was presented, not only symbolically recognizing economics as a “hard” science but also a symbol The general social sciences are becoming the “hard” science that is as operational as the natural sciences. Social science research can focus