载人航天器为航天员长期驻留创造了良好的环境,同时也为微生物滋生提供了有利条件。长期存在于密封舱内的微生物给航天员健康和空间站平台安全均带来一定风险,前期航天器任务中又缺乏微生物控制方面的经验。因此,微生物的控制是未来航天器设计中需要面对的难题。文章针对此项难题,分析了长期载人航天器微生物控制的六大难点,并提出了相应解决对策及建议。 Manned spacecraft created a favorable environment for long-term presence of astronauts, and provided favorable conditions for the growth of microorganisms. Long-term presence of micro-organisms in the capsule poses a certain risk to astronaut health and space station platform safety, and lack of experience in microbial control in previous spacecraft missions. Therefore, the control of microorganisms is the problem that needs to be faced in future spacecraft design. In response to this difficult problem, the article analyzes the six major difficulties of long-term manned spacecraft microbial control and puts forward corresponding solutions and suggestions.