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为解决设施土壤的连作障碍,以开沟起垄的方式,研究不同秸秆深还田对连作土壤微生物、土壤酶活性及甜瓜根系生长的影响。结果表明:秸秆深还田2年后可以改善连作土壤的酸碱度,显著提高土壤有机质含量,其中玉米秸秆还田有机质含量可达17.08 g·kg·~(-1),比对照处理提高12.8%;同时还明显提高了土壤中脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶等活性,加快了设施土壤中矿质元素的释放,土壤中速效钾、速效磷含量也有所增加,而碱解氮含量则有所降低。与对照相比,秸秆还田丰富了连作土壤中微生物数量,尤其是玉米秸秆还田处理的连作土壤微生物数量最多,比对照增加了30.1%,连作土壤中细菌和放线菌数量增加,但连作土壤中的真菌数量降低。秸秆深还田显著提高了甜瓜根系鲜重和根系活力,其中玉米秸秆还田的根系鲜重和根系活力分别为8.3 g·plant~(-1)和70.4μg·g~(-1)FW;总之,设施连作土壤秸秆开沟起垄深还田显著改良了设施土壤,促进甜瓜根系生长,其中玉米秸秆还田效果较好,其次是花生秸秆。
In order to solve the obstacle of continuous cropping of soil in the facility, the effect of different straw returning to field on the soil microorganism, soil enzyme activity and root growth of muskmelon was studied by the method of ditching and ridge ridging. The results showed that straw returning to field could improve soil pH and soil organic matter content significantly after returning to the soil for 2 years. The content of organic matter in corn straw could reach 17.08 g · kg -1, which was 12.8% higher than that of CK. At the same time, the activities of urease, sucrase and catalase in soil were significantly increased, and the release of mineral elements in the soil of the facility was accelerated. The content of available potassium and available phosphorus in the soil also increased while the content of alkaline nitrogen decreased . Compared with the control, the amount of bacteria and actinomycetes in the continuous cropping soil increased by straw returning to the soil, especially in the continuous cropping of corn stalks, which increased by 30.1% compared with the control. However, The amount of fungi in the soil is reduced. The root fresh weight and root vigor of muskmelon significantly increased with straw returning to the field. The root fresh weight and root activity of corn stalks were 8.3 g · plant -1 and 70.4 μg · g -1 FW respectively. In short, continuous cropping with soil straw ditching and deep furrowing significantly improved the facilities soil and promoted root growth of melon, of which corn stalks were better, followed by peanut straw.