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区别裂隙和断层的三个标志如下:l)断裂破坏的规模,2)其结构特点,3)其发育历史。虽然巨大裂隙和微小断层之间的界线总的来说是假定性的,但可以把裂隙看做比较小的断裂构造,常常没有可见的位移,结构简单,其发育历史通常较短而且不复杂,本文对现行裂隙分类提出了若干补充修改意见,并试图描术所划分的各个裂隙成因类型。按岩石破坏类型,划分了简单剪切裂隙、简单张力裂隙、复杂张力裂隙、复杂剪切裂隙。简单张力裂隙和剪切裂隙是结构简单,发育历史最短的细小断裂构造,是在岩石变形的统一阶段中形成的。简单剪切裂隙与简单张力裂隙不同,在岩石中分布极不均匀,常常构成密集的,平行或近乎平行的,雁行状分布的裂隙束。在粘滞性剪切条件下塑性变形越强烈,裂隙束内部裂隙的密度越大,这时裂隙一个紧接一个。相反,脆性剪切时,裂隙束由单个雁行状排列、彼此不相联的裂隙组成。简单张力
The three markers that distinguish fissures and faults are as follows: l) the scale of the fracture failure, 2) its structural characteristics, and 3) its developmental history. Although the boundaries between the giant and minor faults are generally hypothetical, the fracture can be thought of as a relatively small fault structure, often without visible displacement, with a simple structure and generally short and uncomplicated developmental history, In this paper, we propose some amendments to the current classification of fractures, and attempt to describe the types of fractures that are divided by the fractures. According to the types of rock failure, simple shear fractures, simple tension fractures, complex tension fractures and complicated shear fractures are divided. Simple tension fractures and shear fractures are simple fractures with shortst developmental history and are formed during the unification of rock deformation. Simple shearing fractures, unlike simple tension fractures, are highly heterogeneous in rock and often form dense, parallel or nearly parallel, geese-shaped fracture bundles. The more plastic deformation occurs under viscous shear conditions, the greater the density of fractures within the fractures, and the fractures one immediately after the other. In contrast, in brittle shear, the fractures consist of individual geese that are not associated with one another. Simple tension