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鼻咽癌在中国和东南亚发病率相当高,重要的致癌因素有烟、咸鱼、EB病毒及遗传因素等。在世界其它地区,鼻咽癌罕见,Herderson等对加利福尼亚不同种族人口的研究表明,鼻咽癌与职业性接触烟尘、化学物和耳鼻喉既往病史高度相关。虽然已发现吸烟与多种呼吸道肿瘤有关,但吸烟与鼻咽癌的关系的证据一般认为尚无说服力。在美国,用病例-对照研究调查了鼻咽癌与各种可能的危险因素的关系,观察到与吸烟有明显的联系。
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in China and Southeast Asia, the incidence rate is very high, the important carcinogenic factors are smoke, salted fish, Epstein-Barr virus and genetic factors. In other parts of the world, nasopharyngeal cancer is rare, and Herderson et al.’s study of different ethnic populations in California shows that nasopharyngeal cancer is highly correlated with occupational exposure to smoke, chemicals, and previous history of otolaryngology. Although smoking has been found to be associated with a variety of respiratory tumors, evidence of the association between smoking and nasopharyngeal cancer is generally not convincing. In the United States, a case-control study examining the relationship between nasopharyngeal cancer and various possible risk factors was observed with a clear association with smoking.