二十世纪七十年代末,在历史时代和文化传统的共同呼唤下,美国新现实主义文学应运而生,而小说家约瑟夫·海勒顺应潮流成为它不折不扣的文学拓荒者。美国新现实主义文学的产生和发展“二战”后,美国的社会和政治动荡不安,虽然经济上繁荣但人们的精神极度空虚。在文学上,后现代主义的小说家们应运而生。他们淡化主题,注重形式和叙事技巧,醉心于奇异的写作方式,如碎片式拼贴、琐碎无序的叙事、自我嘲讽的黑色幽默等语言游戏。尽管当时小说创作技巧丰富,但无法形成宏大叙事,读者在新奇之后,势必会出现审美疲 In the late 1970s, under the common call of the historical era and cultural tradition, the American neorealism came into being, while the novelist Joseph Haley became its literary pioneer in conformity with the trend. Emergence and Development of American Neorealism After the “World War II”, the social and political turmoil in the United States was unsettled. Despite its economic prosperity, the spirit of the people was extremely vacant. In literature, postmodern novelists came into being. They despise the theme, focus on form and narrative skills, devote themselves to the strange ways of writing, such as fragmentary collage, trivial narrative, self-ridiculed black humor and other language games. Although there was a wealth of novel writing techniques at that time, it was impossible to form grand narratives. After the readers were novelty, there was bound to be a sense of weakness