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20世纪90年代崛起的新增长理论和新经济地理学在不完全竞争框架内用技术创新、递增报酬、运输成本以及这些因素的消长解释区域发展差异。我们针对2014年中国270个地级城市非农产业生产活动的规模报酬及其影响因素展开的经济计量研究表明:(1)城市劳动产出弹性与城市技术水平或创新能力正向关联;(2)资本产出弹性与人口密度正向关联,与运输成本负向关联;(3)270个地级城市中有267个城市的规模弹性值大于1,表明中国城市和区域非农产业经济活动具有典型的规模报酬递增特征;(4)中国城市和区域非农产业经济活动的规模报酬依东、中、东北和西部顺序梯度递减,这为杨开忠(2001)解释中国四大经济地带发展差异的“西部空间格局不经济”说提供支持。
The new growth theory and the new economic geography that emerged in the 1990s saw the differences in regional development in the framework of imperfect competition with technological innovation, incremental rewards, transportation costs and the growth and decline of these factors. Our econometric research on the scale returns of non-agricultural production activities in 270 prefecture-level cities in China and their influencing factors shows that: (1) the urban labor output elasticity is positively correlated with the city’s technological level or innovation capability; (2) ) Capital output elasticity is positively correlated with population density and negatively related to transportation costs; (3) Scale elasticity of 267 cities in 270 prefecture-level cities is greater than 1, indicating that the economic activities of Chinese cities and regions in non-agricultural industries have (4) The scale returns of the economic activities of non-agricultural industries in cities and regions in China decrease gradually in the order of East, Central, Northeast and West, which is the result of Yang Kai-zhong’s (2001) explanation of the differences in the development of China’s four major economic zones, “The spatial pattern of the western region is not economical,” said providing support.