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目的分析海州区2009—2013年水痘流行病学特征,为制定预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法对2009—2013年水痘报告和疫情监测资料进行描述流行病学分析。结果2009—2013年共报告水痘病例673例,年平均发病率为56.95/10万,无死亡病例;发病率存在地区差异,城区显著高于城乡接合部,农村最低;水痘的发病高峰为3—6月及11月至次年1月;发病年龄多集中在4~9岁,占49.18%;职业以学生、幼托儿童及散居儿童为主,占89%,。结论海州区近几年水痘疫情呈现上升趋势;水痘发病有明显的地区性、季节性、性别差异;幼托儿童和学生是水痘的高发人群,应加强托幼机构及学校水痘疫情监测,及时采取隔离病例、接种水痘疫苗等控制措施,进一步降低水痘的发病率。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of chicken pox in Haizhou District from 2009 to 2013 so as to provide a scientific basis for making prevention and control measures. Methods Epidemiological analysis of the varicella report and outbreak surveillance data from 2009 to 2013 was performed. Results A total of 673 chickenpox cases were reported from 2009 to 2013, with an average annual incidence rate of 56.95 / 100 000. There were no deaths. The incidence rates were significantly different from those in urban and rural areas, and the lowest in rural areas. The highest incidence of chickenpox was 3- June and November to January of the following year; the age of onset mostly concentrated in 4-9 years old, accounting for 49.18%; occupations were mainly students, preschool children and scattered children, accounting for 89%. Conclusions In recent years, the epidemic situation of chickenpox in Haizhou District has been on the rise. The incidence of chickenpox has obvious regional, seasonal and gender differences. The children and students in kindergarten are the high incidence of chickenpox, and the monitoring of chickenpox epidemics in nurseries and schools should be strengthened. Take isolated cases, vaccination varicella vaccine and other control measures to further reduce the incidence of chickenpox.