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对陕西省泾阳县的日光温室蔬菜施肥情况与土壤养分状况进行了研究。结果表明,泾阳县日光温室氮磷钾养分的纯投入量平均为N·651 kg hm~(-2)、P2O5·485 kg hm~(-2)和K2O·855 kg hm~(-2),养分投入量明显偏高。温室耕层土壤速效磷、速效钾、水溶性钾和水溶性钙与种植年限之间都存在极显著的线性正相关关系,相关系数分别为0.995、0.973、0.973和0.979。种植7年后,硝态氮、速效磷、速效钾的含量分别是农田土壤的1.8、5.1和3.6倍,水溶性钾、钙、镁分别是农田的12.2、4.5和2.6倍。随种植年限的延长,温室土壤K、Ca、Mg三者的比例严重失衡,由养分不合理施用带来的养分损失及可能引起的环境问题值得关注。
The situation of vegetable fertilization and soil nutrient condition in sunlight greenhouse in Jingyang County of Shaanxi Province was studied. The results showed that the net inputs of N, P, K in sunlight greenhouse in Jingyang were N · 651 kg hm -2, P 2 · 5 485 kg hm -2 and K 2 · 855 kg hm -2, respectively. Nutrient input was significantly higher. There was a significant linear positive correlation between soil available phosphorus, available potassium, water soluble potassium and water soluble calcium in greenhouse topsoil and planting years, with correlation coefficients of 0.995, 0.973, 0.973 and 0.979 respectively. Seven years after planting, the content of nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were 1.8, 5.1 and 3.6 times of that of farmland soil respectively. The water soluble potassium, calcium and magnesium were 12.2, 4.5 and 2.6 times of farmland, respectively. With the extension of planting years, the proportions of K, Ca and Mg in greenhouse soil are seriously imbalanced, and the loss of nutrients and possible environmental problems due to irrational nutrient application deserve attention.