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目的通过对多起急性化学中毒事故的分析,为预防事故和应急策略的制定提供科学依据。方法收集广州市职业病防治院2006—2014年参与处理的16起急性职业性化学中毒事故相关资料,对事故的发生时间、地点、行业、有毒化学物质种类和事故单位职业卫生管理等进行统计分析。结果 16起事故中,中毒人员64例,死亡15例,中毒死亡率为23.4%。中毒人员分布于建筑、食品、化工及轻工等行业;造成急性中毒事故的化学物为二氧化碳、硫化氢及一氧化碳等;中毒事故集中分布于第二、三季度;所有事故单位均未进行职业卫生应急救援预案演练。结论发生中毒的企业大部分缺乏应急救援措施、人员安全培训。应对建筑、食品及化工等行业加强急性中毒的预防及控制,建立应急救援体系,降低中毒事故发生率和死亡率。
Objective To provide scientific basis for the prevention of accidents and emergency strategies through the analysis of many acute chemical poisoning accidents. Methods The data of 16 acute occupational chemical poisoning incidents involved in the treatment of Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital from 2006 to 2014 were collected and statistically analyzed on the time, place, industry, types of toxic chemicals and occupational health management of accident units. Results Among the 16 accidents, 64 were poisoned and 15 died, with a mortality rate of 23.4%. The poisoned persons were distributed in the construction, foodstuff, chemical and light industries. The chemical substances causing acute poisoning were carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide. The poisoning accidents were concentrated in the second and third quarters. All the accidental units were not professionally sanitized Emergency rescue plan exercise. Conclusion Most of the enterprises that are poisoned lack emergency rescue measures and personnel safety training. We should intensify the prevention and control of acute poisoning in the construction, food and chemical industries, establish an emergency rescue system and reduce the incidence of poisoning accidents and mortality.