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中世纪早期的英国与欧洲大陆国家在军事制度上都有一个相似点,即立足于采邑制度之上的国王基本没有常备军部队,作战军队主要由自己的封臣提供,由此王权受到很大制约。以此时期英国为例,国家的军事力量主要由封臣提供的骑士、雇佣军、民团和少量海军构成,每一部分担负的军事任务也大有不同。而本文则试对中世纪早期英国军事力量的各个组成部分进行分析,由此验证建立于此种结构之上的政治制度的合理性与矛盾性,并分析这种军事结构最终改变的原因。
In the early Middle Ages, Britain and continental European countries all had a similar military system: the kings based on the eunuch system had basically no standing army units, and the combat armies were mainly provided by their own vassals. As a result, the royal power was greatly restricted . Take the United Kingdom as an example in this period. The military strength of a country is mainly composed of knights, mercenaries, militias and a handful of navies provided by the vassals. Each part of the military tasks are also quite different. This article, on the other hand, attempts to analyze the various components of the British military force in the early Middle Ages, thus verifying the rationality and contradiction of the political system based on such structure and analyzing the reasons for the ultimate change in the military structure.