[目的]了解平顶山市实验高级中学甲型H1N1流感发病情况。[方法]对平顶山实验高级中学的17例疑似甲型H1N1流感学生进行调查,并采集咽拭子和鼻拭子标本用实时荧光PCR方法检测H1N1流感病毒核酸。[结果]2009年9月18~27日,平顶山实验高级中学确诊15例甲型H1N1流感,罹患率为0.64%(15/2 346)。男生罹患率为16.92%(11/65),女生罹患率为4.59%(4/87),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]这是1起由甲型H1N1流感病毒引起的暴发。 [Objective] To understand the incidence of Influenza A (H1N1) in Pingdingshan Experimental High School. [Methods] Totally 17 cases of suspected H1N1 influenza in Pingdingshan Experimental High School were surveyed. Throat swabs and nasal swabs were collected to detect the H1N1 influenza virus nucleic acid by real-time PCR. [Results] From September 18 to September 27, 2009, 15 cases of Influenza A (H1N1) were diagnosed in Pingdingshan Experimental High School with an attack rate of 0.64% (15/2 346). The prevalence rate of boys was 16.92% (11/65) and that of girls was 4.59% (4/87), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). [Conclusion] This is an outbreak caused by the influenza A (H1N1) virus.