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用化学镀方法在酚醛塑料基底上沉积了Ni-P合金镀层,采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、能谱分析等方法研究了反应温度(80～95℃)对Ni-P合金镀层的相组成和显微结构的影响,采用激光弯曲法和显微硬度仪测试镀层内应力和显微硬度,采用M-2000摩擦磨损仪测试Ni-P合金镀层的摩擦磨损性能,并分析了磨损机理.研究结果表明:随着反应温度升高,Ni-P合金镀层中磷含量降低,镀层由非晶→非晶+纳米晶→纳米晶转变,晶粒长大,镀层表面粗糙度和硬度增大,镀层内部应力由压应力转变为拉应力,并且拉应力逐渐增大.在酚醛塑料基体上的化学镀Ni-P合金镀层能明显地提高其耐磨性.镀层的耐磨性与其硬度不是完全的正相关,耐磨性不仅与硬度有关还与内部应力、显微结构等因素有关,反应温度为92℃的Ni-P合金镀层耐磨性最高.Ni-P合金镀层的磨损机制主要发生了轻微黏着磨损→严重黏着磨损→脆性脱落的转变.
Ni-P alloy coating was deposited on the phenolic plastic substrate by electroless plating. The phase composition of the Ni-P alloy coating at 80 ~ 95 ℃ was studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum analysis. The microstructure and mechanical properties of Ni-P alloy coatings were measured by laser bending method and microhardness tester. The friction and wear properties of Ni-P alloy coatings were measured by M-2000 friction and wear tester, and the wear mechanism was analyzed. The results show that with the increase of the reaction temperature, the content of phosphorus in the Ni-P alloy coating decreases, the coating changes from amorphous to amorphous to nanocrystalline to nanocrystalline, the grains grow up, the surface roughness and hardness increase, The internal stress is transformed from compressive stress to tensile stress and the tensile stress is gradually increased.The electroless Ni-P alloy coating on the phenolic plastic substrate can obviously improve its wear resistance.The wear resistance of the coating is not completely positive The wear resistance is not only related to the hardness but also to the internal stress, microstructure and other factors, and the wear resistance of the Ni-P alloy coating with the reaction temperature of 92 ℃ is the highest.The wear mechanism of the Ni-P alloy coating is mainly slight adhesion Wear → serious adhesion Wear and tear → brittle loss of change.